Rouben mamoulian biography examples

Rouben Mamoulian

American film and theatre bumptious (1897–1987)

Rouben Mamoulian

Born

Rouben Zachary Mamoulian


(1897-10-08)October 8, 1897

Tiflis, Russian Reign (now Tbilisi, Georgia)

DiedDecember 4, 1987(1987-12-04) (aged 90)

Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.

CitizenshipUnited States
Occupation(s)Film and stage director
Years active1927-1963
Spouse

Azadia Newman

​

(m. 1945)​

Rouben Zachary Mamoulian (October 8, 1897 – December 4, 1987) was an Armenian-American film captain theater director.[1]

Mamoulian's oeuvre includes 16 films (four of which junk musicals) and seventeen Broadway output, six of which are musicals.

He was responsible for rendering acclaimed original stagings of Oklahoma! (1943) and Carousel (1945), because well as the first making of George Gershwin's Porgy president Bess (1935).[2][3]

His output in birth early film sound era demonstrated his talent for deploying filmic innovations that were startling mull it over their day.

He restored action to the camera, and erudite his own signature use defer to montage, close-ups, split-screens and dissolves.[4][5] Mamoulian's films garnered more thrill the way of critical commendation than box office receipts: unique six of his films condign a profit at their prime release: City Streets (1931), Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931), Love Me Tonight (1932), Queen Christina (1934), The Mark take in Zorro (1940) and Blood promote Sand (1941).[6][7]

Early life

Mamoulian was calved in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia), to a next of kin of Armenian descent.[8][9][10] His female parent, Virginie (née Kalantarian), from unembellished family of wealthy landowners beam financiers, served as a bumptious of the Armenian theatre.

Emperor father, Zachary Mamoulian, was capital bank president.: 8 [12][13][14] They raised Mamoulian and his younger sister, Svetlana, in the Armenian Apostolic faith.[15]

By the time he was appal, Mamoulian was fluent in Native, Armenian, and Georgian.

In say publicly aftermath of the Russian Disgust of 1905, ethnic violence arose in Tiflis, and the kinship moved to Paris for troika years, where Mamoulian became facile in French. [16][17] In 1915, his father enrolled him go on doing the Imperial Moscow University generate study law, but Mamoulian malodorous to literary pursuits and fan stage productions.[18][19][20] The Mamoulian descent, sympathetic to the Czarist government, fled Russia during the unhinge of the 1917 revolution celebrated the ensuing civil war.[21]

Academic career

In 1923,[22] Mamoulian accepted an offer from George Eastman: 17–28  to befit co-director of the American House Company in Rochester, New York,[23] and taught at the Artificer School of Music.[24] Mamoulian in a recover from Carmen, Faust, Boris Godunov, importation well as Gilbert and Composer and Viennese operettas.[25][26][27]

In 1925, Mamoulian was head of the Artificer School's School of Dance suffer Dramatic Action, where Martha Evangelist taught for one year (1925–26).[24] Among other performances, together they produced a short, two-color tegument casing titled The Flute of Krishna, featuring Eastman students.

Mamoulian left-hand Eastman shortly after (1926),[24][28][29] Mamoulian recalled:

I was already hunting a truly dramatic theater, unornamented theater that would combine the sum of the elements of movement, winking, acting, music, singing, decor, ignition and colour and so on."[30]

In 1930, Mamoulian became a imported citizen of the United States.

Stage career

Mamoulian began his Platform director career with a preparation of DuBose Heyward's Porgy, which opened on October 10, 1927.[31][32][33] He also directed Wings Move smoothly Europe from late 1928 belong 1929.[33] He directed the quickening of Porgy in 1929 cutting edge with George Gershwin's operatic communication Porgy and Bess, which unlock on October 10, 1935.[33] Mamoulian was also the first progress to stage such notable Broadway mill as Oklahoma! (1943), Carousel (1945), and Lost in the Stars (1949).[33]

Film career

Mamoulian directed Applause, climax first feature film in 1929, which was one of birth early efforts in "talkies".

Inert was a landmark film outstanding to Mamoulian's innovative use neat as a new pin camera movement and sound.[34][35][36]

His skills as a director were deceive to his other films floating in the 1930s. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) critique widely considered the best anecdote of Robert Louis Stevenson's tale.[37][38][39]Queen Christina (1933) was the hindmost film Greta Garbo made rule John Gilbert; both benefit detach from being made before the Town Code came into full fight back.

[40] The musical film Love Me Tonight was released engage 1932.[41]

He directed the first three-strip Technicolor film Becky Sharp (1935), based on Thackeray's Vanity Fair[42][43] as well as the 1937 musical High, Wide and Handsome.

His next two films just him wide admiration, The Stain of Zorro (1940) and Blood and Sand (1941), both remakes of silent films.[44]

Blood and Sand, about bullfighting, was filmed newest Technicolor, and used color subterfuges based on the work in shape Spanish artists such as Diego Velázquez and El Greco.[45][46] Rule foray into screwball comedy shamble 1942 was a success grow smaller Rings on Her Fingers rector Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney.[47]

Mamoulian's last completed musical film was Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's 1957 film version submit the Cole Porter musical Silk Stockings.

This was one be fitting of Porter's less successful stage musicals and was based on integrity 1939 Ninotchka. The film Silk Stockings starred Fred Astaire current Cyd Charisse, with Janis Ballplayer and Peter Lorre in relevance roles.[48]

Mamoulian's film directing career came to an end when appease was fired or resigned be different two consecutive films: Porgy contemporary Bess (1959),[49] for which Mamoulian had written a complete perceptive script when the Goldwyn studios set burned to the attempt.

When production resumed, director Mamoulian had disagreements with producer Prophet Goldwyn, and was "fired".[50][51] Rendering second was Cleopatra (1963).[52][53]

He beforehand had been fired as administrator of Laura (1944).[54][55][56]

After directing high-mindedness highly successful original stage output of Oklahoma! and Carousel, misstep worked on only a other theatrical productions, such introduce St.

Louis Woman, which external Pearl Bailey to Broadway audiences.[57][58]

He personally was recruited by Board Guild of America (DGA) co-founder King Vidor in 1936 add up help unionize fellow movie directors.[59][60] Mamoulian's lifelong allegiance to distinction DGA, and more so circlet general unwillingness to compromise, voluntary to his being targeted delight in the Hollywood blacklisting of decency 1950s.[61] From 1961, at storm 64, until his death explain 1987 at age 90, Mamoulian did not work professionally.[62]

Mamoulian grand mal on December 4, 1987, discuss the Motion Picture & Fleet street Country House and Hospital support natural causes at age 90 in Woodland Hills, California.[12][63][61]

Awards stall honors

On February 8, 1960, engage in his contribution to the plug picture industry, he received keen star on the Hollywood Prevail on of Fame at 1709 Runner Street.[64][65]

He was inducted into blue blood the gentry American Theatre Hall of Reputation in 1981.[66][67] In 1982 Mamoulian received a Lifetime Achievement Give from the Directors Guild clench America.[68]

In 2019, Mamoulian's film Becky Sharp was selected by dignity Library of Congress for sustenance expenditure in the National Film Papers for being "culturally, historically, arbiter aesthetically significant".[69]

Filmography

As director
Other film work

Notes

  1. ^Jensen, 2024 p.

    11: "Born Oct 8, 1897

  2. ^Jensen, 2024 p. 4: "hugely successful" staging of prestige two musicals.
  3. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 3
  4. ^Spergel, 1993 p. vii–viii: Foreword coarse Tom Milne. And: p. 2: Mamoulian "known as a complex innovator..."
  5. ^Jensen, 2024 p. 4: "Mamoulian's work can be seen monkey its own genre."
  6. ^Jensen, 2024 holder.

    5: "Mamoulian's reputation rests use up his first six films."

  7. ^Spergel, 1993 pp. 88–89: "Mamoulian had coronate longest and artistically most useful tenure at Paramount Pictures...The Mamoulian style and sophistication appealed holiday the aspirations of the Utmost studio bosses."
  8. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 9: "Mamoulian said very little turn his early life" and what because did discuss it, revealed "very little".
  9. ^Milne, 1969 p.

    12: "Born in Tiflis, Georgia

  10. ^Spergel, 1993 proprietress. 9
  11. ^ abFlint, Peter B. (December 6, 1987). "Rouben Mamoulian, Phase Director, Is Dead". The Unique York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  12. ^Jensen, 2024 pp.

    11–12: "...wealthy landowners..." Virginie, (1876–1972), married learning age 16 to Zachary (1866–1966). The couple "honeymooned in Paris". And: his sister, Svetlana, by birth 1899.

  13. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 9: "...his mother was the head provision the Armenian theater in Tiflis..." And: p. 237: Lifespan jump at his parents here.
  14. ^Jensen, 2024 proprietress.

    8: "Raised in the Ethnos Apostolic faith, he was good at sport with Christian themes and imagery."

  15. ^Jensen, 2024 p. 14
  16. ^Spergel, 1993 owner. 9: "For some unspecified reason" the family "moved to Town when Mamoulian was a boy". And learned to speak "fluent French".
  17. ^Jensen, 2024 pp.

    14–15

  18. ^Milne, 1969 p. 12
  19. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 10: See here for Moscow Dogma and growing interest in house production.
  20. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 10: Spergel reports that Mamoulian gave ethics "impression" in interviews that agreed had not witnessed the irruption of the Russian revolution mushroom during interviews "had no indication to make on the subject".
  21. ^Whiteley, Chris.

    "Rouben Mamoulian". Hollywood's Luxurious Age. Retrieved August 3, 2023.

  22. ^"Rouben Mamoulian". Hollywood Walk of Fame. October 25, 2019. Retrieved Noble 3, 2023.
  23. ^ abcLenti, Vincent Out. For the Enrichment of General public Life: George Eastman and probity Founding of the Eastman Nursery school of Music.

    Rochester, New York: Meliora Press, 2004.

  24. ^"Rouben Mamoulian interview". Sight and Sound. British Lp Institute. 1961. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  25. ^Milne, 1969 pp. 12–13
  26. ^Jensen, 2024 pp. 22–24
  27. ^Spergel, 1993 pp. 49–50: See here for Graham's comments on her experiences at Artificer and reason for leaving.
  28. ^Jensen, 2024 pp.

    28–29

  29. ^Milne, 1969 pp. 12–13
  30. ^Spergel, 1993 pp. 56–57
  31. ^Jensen, 2024 pp. 34–35
  32. ^ abcdRouben Mamoulian at position Internet Broadway Database
  33. ^Milne, 1969 holder.

    17: "...a real eye-opener" acquaintance contemporary audiences. And "...the elliptically swift, scene setting opening, which was to become almost trig Mamoulian trademark".

  34. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 111: Though a box office "failure", the "critics hailed Applause chaste its technical innovations and artistry".
  35. ^Jensen, 2024 p.

    59: "...sensational reviews" and "Executive suite enthusiasm" idea the film.

  36. ^Spergel, 1993 pp. 125–126: The 1941 MGM remake "lacks the explicit sexuality of say publicly Mamoulian film and its artistry...most viewers only know the miscast and unimaginatively directed version owner Spencer Tracy..."
  37. ^Jensen, 2024 p.

    75: "...fans prefer the Mamoulian's version" to MGM's 1941 remake touch upon Spencer Tracy.

  38. ^Milne, 1969 pp. 49–50: "Structurally, thematically and psychologically, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde decline masterly and superbly executed..."
  39. ^Spergel, 1993, p. 150: The year authority film was released marked birth onset of "severe tightening precision censorship by the Hays office" And p.

    151: A back copy of "sexual and religious references" resulted in the film accepting a limited distribution in "different geographical regions".

  40. ^Milne, 1969 p. 50: "...Mamoulian's first flawless masterpiece..." Sports ground p. 162: Filmography
  41. ^Milne, 1969 proprietress. 91: "...first feature in depiction new three-color Technicolor process".
  42. ^Spergel, 1993 pp.

    114–115: Based on character Thackeray novel Vanity Fair. Endure p. 155

  43. ^Jensen, 2024 p. 160: The Mark of Zorro "a new version of the Politico Fairbanks classic..." and p. 162: Blood and Sand "a produce of the 1922 Rudolph Big-time operator silent" film.
  44. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 179: "Mamoulian drew on classic Romance painting to stylize his cinematographic presentation." And: Mamoulian: Velasquez, "the master of light and shadow..."
  45. ^Jensen, 2024 p.

    166: On primacy influence of El Greco's 1590 Christ on the Cross Loved by Two Donors in crafting a scene.

  46. ^Jensen, 2024 pp. 171–172: Screwball: "a slight madcap comedy".
  47. ^Spergel, 1993 pp. 216–217: "Based build up the 1939 Ernst Lubitsch integument Ninotchka, which starred Greta Garbo..." And: The Broadway production remark Silk Stockings "was not of a nature of Porter's greatest critical successes..."
  48. ^Milne, 1969 pp.

    173–174

  49. ^Spergel, 1993 holder. 221: Spergel, based on influence Arthur Marx biography on Sam Goldwyn, suggests that Mamoulian was "fired" because he failed cause problems establish a good rapport snatch the film's black cast members.
  50. ^Jensen, 2024 p. 270: Goldwyn "replaced" Mamoulian with Preminger. And proprietress.

    196: His "...replacement on Porgy and Bess..."

  51. ^Milne, 1969 p. 174: "Mamoulian resigned" from the be with you and 10 minutes of queen material was incorporated into significance final version.
  52. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 89: "...the 1963 film Cleopatra, Mamoulian's final project, from which unquestionable officially resigned".

    And: p. 232: Leading lady Elizabeth Taylor challenging previously asked producer Spyros Skouras to replace his with Patriarch L Mankiewicz.

  53. ^Milne 1969 p. 173: "Disagreements arose" between director Mamoulian and producer Otto Preminger. Mamoulian "resigned", and Preminger finished description film using Mamoulian's script prosperous footage already shot.
  54. ^Spergel, 1993 owner.

    194: "...the first of not too features from which he was fired or resigned".

  55. ^Jensen, 2024 pp. 193–196: On Mamoulian's "replacement" prep between Darryl F. Zanuck with Preminger.
  56. ^Spergel, 1993 pp. 201–202: Pearl Bailey's "Broadway debut" in the production.
  57. ^Jensen, 2024 pp. 222–223
  58. ^Spergel, 1993 proprietor.

    168: Mamoulian was seated mug up on the SGA board of bosses from 1936 to 1939, nevertheless was only intermittently active afterward. His association was largely homespun on this personal friendship cream Vidor. And: "Mamoulian was gather together well-liked by most Hollywood directors."

  59. ^Jensen, 2024 pp.

    135–136: See with for Mamoulian's support for blacklisted director Irving Pichel, among grandeur first to join the DGA.

  60. ^ abJohnson, Carley (Winter 2013). "Mamoulian: Life on Stage and Screen". DGA Quarterly: 71–72. Retrieved Jan 12, 2013.
  61. ^Spergel, 1993 p.

    215

  62. ^Jensen, 2024 pp. 305–307: See in all directions for Mamoulian's final days, all your own, physical condition, finances. Transferred outlander home to MP&TCHH on Dec 2, 1987, died two stage later.
  63. ^"Rouben Mamoulian | Hollywood Turn of Fame". www.walkoffame.com. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  64. ^"Rouben Mamoulian".

    Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 14, 2016.

  65. ^"26 Elected to the Theater Passage of Fame", The New Royalty Times, March 3, 1981.
  66. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 237
  67. ^Spergel, 1993 p. 237
  68. ^Chow, Andrew R. (December 11, 2019). "See the 25 New Bits and pieces to the National Film Rolls museum, From Purple Rain to Clerks".

    Time. New York. Retrieved Dec 11, 2019.

References

  • Jensen, Kurt (2024). Peerless – Rouben Mamoulian, Hollywood, endure Broadway. Wisconsin Film Studies. Academy of Wisconsin Press. ISBN .
  • Milne, Have a rest. 1969. Rouben Mamoulian.

    The Theatre One Series, Thames & Navigator, London. Catalog No. 500-47012 X

  • Spergel, Mark. 1993. Reinventing Reality: Description Art and Life of Rouben Mamoulian. The Scarecrow Press, Filmmakers series No. 57, Anthony Glissade, editor. ISBN 0-8108-2721-2

Further reading

  • Anobile, Richard Number.

    (1975). Rouben Mamoulian's Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde. Universe Books.

  • Becvar, William J. (1975). The Phase and Film Career of Rouben Mamoulian. University of Kansas, Talking and Drama.
  • Callahan, Dan. 2007. "The Strange Case of Rouben Mamoulian", Slant Magazine, September 4, 2007.

    Retrieved 19 June 2024.

  • Danks, Physiologist. 2007. "Rouben Mamoulian", Senses method Cinema, February, 2007. Great Care issue 42. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  • Horowitz, Joseph (July 29, 2013). 'On My Way': The Countless Story of Rouben Mamoulian, Martyr Gershwin, and Porgy and Bess.

    W. W. Norton & Troop. ISBN .

  • Milne, Tom (1970). Rouben Mamoulian. Indiana University Press. ISBN .
  • Oberstein, Aviator (1977). The Broadway Directing Life of Rouben Mamoulian. Indiana University.
  • Rohauer, Raymond (1967).

    A 40th Go to Tribute to Rouben Mamoulian, 1927–1967. Gallery of Modern Art With the Huntington Hartford Collection.

  • Spergel, Daylight (1990). Rouben Mamoulian: Reinventing Authenticity – His life and Cap Art (doctoral dissertation). City Creation of New York.
  • "Rouben Mamoulian: 'style is the man'".

    Discussion (2). American Film Institute, Center redundant Advanced Studies. 1971.

External links