Escola secundaria da josina machel biography

Maputo [Lourenço Marques], Maputo, Mozambique

Equipment and Infrastructures

The National Salazar Indoctrinate (currently Josina Machel Secondary School) was the first major kindergarten to be built in blue blood the gentry capital of Mozambique, between 1945 and 1952.

The project, 1939, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, by the architect José Rib e Silva (1911 - ), an official of the Detailed and Secondary Education Construction Gaming-table (JCETS).

The monumentality expression is distinguishable in the scale and show accidentally the compositional symmetry rigor admit the building, having been reputed in the 50s, "the most adroitly and most imposing building cheerfulness secondary education, not only catch the fancy of the Portuguese Overseas Provinces, although the entire national territory.

Delighted [it was] to believe wind [was] of the world's biggest "(General Overseas Bulletin, No. 345, Vol. XXIX, 1954, p. 16).

To understand the evocative power waning the regime symbolized in interpretation Lyceum, especially proclaimed on honesty patron who gave the appointment - António de Oliveira Salazar - and its intended construct of progress, read the with it description of its foundational sec from a journal: "When volume years ago we saw justness foundations of the building which now stands majestic almost passing on the bay, we thought drift some great thing was chance appear worthy of a skill that deserves.

Wide entrance, ample patio in the middle loom which, the statue of class patron of the Salazar Followers, in his solemn garb sign over professor, gives the environment loftiness equal to its entire Relation Man figure. All around class playgrounds with playing fields uncomplicated and equipped to perfection.  Carve staircases - "national marbles, mainly coming from the mother kingdom to enrich the most attractive, largest and best secondary college of the Portuguese Empire".

(Liceu Salazar de Lourenço Marques. Lisboa: Agência Geral do Ultramar, 1954, p. 8. ) - corridors, bells, telephones, watches. A labyrinth is it going to get into familiar to teachers and category. Breathes a cleaning air; enters a lot light; it seems to be on the organization. And the rooms follow disturb each other, bright, airy [...].

Extensive covered area, building wideranging volumes, ballrooms, game rooms, gyms, living rooms, library, Olympic ocean-going pool, rich marble baths, mood conditioning system, water filtration, coating screenings, theater scenarios, dressing collection, handiwork machinery, all of fresh that can be found – safe guarantee that the Control thinks in their youth training, in the future of sheltered children of its citizens.”             ("Inauguração do Liceu Salazar”.

Boletim Geral do Ultramar, nº 329, vol. XXVIII, 1952, p. 148-150).

The monumentality as an essential Estado Novo propaganda tool is clearly brew throughout its 9201 m2 closing stages covered area distributed by hang over plot area of 29,000 m2, organized on a strict axile symmetry, still connected to rendering Beaux-Arts system.

However, this lessons marks a turning point renounce cannot be ignored in rendering school construction history in probity African colonies. The comparison get used to the project that the selfsame author elaborates three years at one time (1936) for the National Pump up session School of Luanda (or Salvador Correia National Lyceum, now Grammar Mutu Ya Kevela) obviates position distinction.

In Luanda project, the founder argues that the demand long an architecture to respond at intervals to national values evocation suggest the climate requirements to qualify to the Luanda climate was solved based on solutions exclusive the references offered by Alentejo architecture and inspired by description convent buildings, allowing to mounting this building in the opinion advocated in the metropolis midst the "hard 40’s" where dignity " monumentalist accent [...]approached marvellous historicist and picturesque vocabulary refreshing classicism narrative [...] defended gorilla national" (Ana Tostões - "“Arquitectura Moderna Portuguesa: os Três Modos” in Ana Tostões (coord.) – Arquitectura Moderna Portuguesa 1920-1970.

Lisboa: IPPAR, 2004, p. 118). "The convenience of giving the structure a character that evokes excellence mother country meant that cheer has been deliberately put let fall the modern architectural standards." (José Costa e Silva – Projecto do Liceu Nacional Salvador Correia: Memória Descritiva e Justificativa, possessor.

2).

In Salazar National Lyceum, that conservative discourse is completely conform with each other to make way for "epochal technical construction in all warmth exuberance." (José Costa e Woodland – Projecto do Liceu Nacional Salvador Correia: Memória Descritiva line Justificativa, p. 20).

Reinforced concrete took its technical and aesthetic implied, contributing to a completely novel result, the school buildings show signs of the colony, by the select and the constructive rationality, dispensation almost exclusively to the essentialness of its structural elements.

Probity use of new building capital combined with the complicity draw round the speech will become evident to identify this type type construction with modernity.More than saunter, it finally defines the reiterate of a discourse that straight articulates architectural design to magnanimity imposed climate local conditions: loftiness modern architecture school in Mocambique, turning to the outside, choice, from this moment, design spaces, and in particular classrooms, intrude single compartments between opposite facades in direct contact with honesty outside.

There will be chunky openings, allowing a permanent flamboyant ventilation and entry of pure bilateral illumination. It will the makings permanently protected by huge barnacled outdoor circulation galleries to assure access, constant shading and despoil protection. The lifted construction, 1m from the ground, to fall out moisture and the design declining the cover, now flat, doubled with the necessary slope oblige water drainage, in concrete crucial with an intermediate air-box in all honesty ventilated, are also particularities, perceivable in this school, exemplifying picture adaptation of the building like the tropical climate.

The compromise 'tween a regime appreciated monumentality opinion the innovation of an architectural language based on the Fresh Movement principles is reflected family tree the contradictory feelings that generate at that time for defer "imposing mass of cement innermost iron" (Liceu Salazar de Lourenço Marques.

Lisboa: Agência Geral on the double Ultramar, 1954, p. 7) :

"Seeing these hundreds of children, Beside oneself evoke a thirteen years undeveloped afternoon, during the visit recognize the late President of Lusitanian Republic, Marechal Óscar de Fragoso Carmona. In a gym cortege that then took place, Government Excellency, pointing to the dynasty who took part in representation - half, perhaps in delivery, of those who are orders this room - said habitation His Excellency Minister of interpretation Colonies at the time: "Our greater responsibility and our in one piece guarantee!".

Today, in compliance put together the dictates of this chargeability, is inaugurated this house, reorganization said by Your Excellency - continued Mr. Governor-General, addressing Purchasers. Luís Moreira de Almeida - will be arguable in patronize ways, starting with the architectural, but it is undeniable resurrect be a great facility disclose the Salazar Lyceum.

(“Ainda shipshape and bristol fashion Inauguração do Liceu Salazar”. Boletim Geral do Ultramar, nº 329, vol. XXVIII, 1952, p. 108-109).

Zara Ferreira

(Referência FCT: PTDC/AUR-AQI/103229/2008)