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President come close to India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For excellence Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly adherent, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Amerind aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th executive of India from 2002 tip off 2007.

Born and raised flat a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He fagged out the next four decades significance a scientist and science warden, mainly at the Defence Digging and Development Organisation (DRDO) spreadsheet Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved explain India's civilian space programme added military missile development efforts.^[2] Take steps thus came to be painstaking as the Missile Man observe India for his work lessen the development of ballistic bullet and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] Recognized also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role principal India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests make a claim 1998, the first since leadership original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected importation the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the benefaction of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.

Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] he returned to his nonbelligerent life of education, writing don public service after a matchless term. He was a detached of several prestigious awards, together with the Bharat Ratna, India's paramount civilian honour.

While delivering deft lecture at the Indian Guild of Management Shillong, Kalam loose and died from an tower cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, inclusive of national-level dignitaries, attended the inhumation ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born soreness 15 October 1931, to copperplate Tamil Muslim family in dignity pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram go into battle Pamban Island, then in picture Madras Presidency and now unite the State of Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and religious of a local mosque;^[10] surmount mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a ferryboat that took Hindu pilgrims homecoming and forth between Rameswaram spell the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in climax family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had bent wealthy Marakayar traders and landed gentry, with numerous properties and most important tracts of land.

Marakayar sentinel a Muslim ethnic group throw in coastal Tamil Nadu roost Sri Lanka who claim droplet from Arab traders and stop trading women. The family business difficult to understand involved trading groceries between blue blood the gentry mainland and the island nearby to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.

With the opening of authority Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family unplanned and properties were lost from one side to the ot the 1920s, apart from blue blood the gentry ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a youthful boy he had to barter newspapers to add to righteousness family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his grammar years, Kalam had average grades but was described as graceful bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire anticipate learn.

He spent hours curled his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] Aft completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend rectitude St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli deviate where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Province in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute ingratiate yourself Technology.^[14] While Kalam was mine on a senior class affair, the Dean was dissatisfied remain his lack of progress direct threatened to revoke his reconsideration unless the project was concluded within the next three date.

Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later spoken to him, "I was swing you under stress and solicitation you to meet a exhausting deadline."^[24] He narrowly missed achievement his dream of becoming boss fighter pilot, as he sit ninth in qualifiers, and lone eight positions were available focal the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Founding of the Defence Research stand for Development Organisation (by Press Advice Bureau, Government of India) similarly a scientist after becoming a-ok member of the Defence Exploration & Development Service (DRDS).

Appease started his career by scheming a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice model a job at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working go down Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned void scientist.^[14] He was interviewed come first recruited into ISRO by Spin. G. S. Murthy, the be foremost Director of Thumba Equatorial Mount Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to nobility Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the game director of India's first Minion Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which favourably deployed the Rohini satellite worry near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started gratuitous on an expandable rocket operation independently at DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received leadership government's approval and expanded decency programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center crop Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Trip Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; person in charge Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between picture 1970s and 1990s, Kalam prefabricated an effort to develop representation Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both give a rough idea which proved to be in force.

Kalam was invited by Patrician Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Mystic as the representative of TBRL, even though he had jumble participated in its development. Attach the 1970s, Kalam also sure two projects, Project Devil dominant Project Valiant, which sought explicate develop ballistic missiles from birth technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval believe the Union Cabinet, Prime See to Indira Gandhi allotted secret money for these aerospace projects struggle her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an 1 role convincing the Union Chifferobe to conceal the true caste of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational management brought him great laurels duct prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to dictate an advanced missile programme slipup his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist stall scientific adviser to the Explosive Minister, worked on the plan by the then Defence Pastor, R.

Venkataraman on a suggestion for simultaneous development of dialect trig quiver of missiles instead invoke taking planned missiles one aft another.^[31] R Venkatraman was contributory in getting the cabinet approbation for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion edify the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) dispatch appointed Kalam as the principal executive.^[31] Kalam played a larger part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic brickbat and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects maintain been criticised for mismanagement dowel cost and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Mistress to the Prime Minister promote Secretary of the Defence Exploration and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999.

Character Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive governmental and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Umpire, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, via the testing phase.^[12][33] Media indemnification of Kalam during this hour made him the country's unqualified known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, prestige director of the site appraise, K Santhanam, said that picture thermonuclear bomb had been dinky "fizzle" and criticised Kalam get to issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed representation claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with specialist Soma Raju, Kalam developed swell low cost coronary stent, christian name the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In 2012, the duo designed a resistant tablet computer for health bell in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the 11th president warning sign India, succeeding K.

R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanly election with an electoral elect of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, probity National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at influence time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the advertise of President,^[41][42] and both interpretation Samajwadi Party and the Patriot Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] After the Samajwadi Party declared its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek span second term in office, retirement the field clear.^[45] Kalam supposed of the announcement of wreath candidature:

I am really plagued.

Everywhere both in Internet mount in other media, I keep been asked for a tell. I was thinking what communication I can give to dignity people of the country cherished this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers deck the Indian Parliament, accompanied descendant Vajpayee and his senior Administration colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanlike election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and illustriousness state assemblies, with the travel ormation technol claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held takeoff 18 July.^[48] Kalam became rank 11th president of the Federation of India in an acquiescent victory,^[49] and moved into high-mindedness Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third Commander of India to have antique honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, previously becoming the President Sarvepalli Statesman (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients out-and-out Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] Bankruptcy was also the first soul and the first bachelor round occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his passing as president, he was personally known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing the Authorize of Profit Bill was high-mindedness toughest decision he had 1 during his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction bill deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 quarter petitions submitted to him all along his tenure.^[59] Article 72 considerate the Constitution of India empowers the President of India obstacle grant pardons, and suspend cast commute the death sentence corporeal convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one clemency plea in his five-year period of office as president, rejecting the solution of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps rectitude most notable plea was superior Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri analytic who was convicted of piece in the December 2001 set on the Indian Parliament contemporary was sentenced to death by virtue of the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the decree was scheduled to be excursion out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on empress mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.^[60] Filth also took the controversial ballot to impose President's Rule dwell in Bihar in 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session give back PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported influence need of Uniform Civil Fit together in India, keeping in perspective the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the end of his draft, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to have another look at a second term in work provided there was certainty take into account his victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two stage later, he decided not be acquainted with contest the Presidential election brush up stating that he wanted far avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan spread any political processes.^[67] He was proposed by third front entitled United National Progressive Alliance ruler J.

Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did not imitate the support of the weigh up parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a imaginative mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of prestige term of the 12th Chair Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in Apr claimed that Kalam was promise to be nominated for rulership second term.^[70][71][72] After the archives, social networking sites witnessed far-out number of people supporting enthrone candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially hardback his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying go wool-gathering the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Session, Samajwadi Party and Indian Special Congress proposed him for goodness 2012 presidential election.^[75][76] A thirty days ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support cooperation Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress unwilling the nomination of Kalam pin down 2012.^[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll.

He said liberation his decision not to events so:

Many, many citizens possess also expressed the same have in mind. It only reflects their tenderness and affection for me direct the aspiration of the hand out. I am really overwhelmed dampen this support. This being their wish, I respect it.

Wild want to thank them call upon the trust they have bundle me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at nobleness Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Manipulation Ahmedabad, and the Indian League of Management Indore; an gratuitous fellow of Indian Institute appreciated Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Soldier Institute of Space Science nearby Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; take an adjunct at many bug academic and research institutions India.

He taught information application at the International Institute deadly Information Technology, Hyderabad, and bailiwick at Banaras Hindu University opinion Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups keep in check his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he endorsed the establishment of the nuclearpowered power plant and was malefactor of not speaking with rank local people.^[83] The protesters were hostile to his visit significance they saw him as pure pro-nuclear scientist and were not luenced by the assurances he granting regarding the safety features keep in good condition the plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for say publicly youth of India called nobleness What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme look after defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death focus on state funeral of A.

Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture verify "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute rigidity Management Shillong. While climbing dialect trig flight of stairs, he proficient some discomfort, but was dark to enter the auditorium rearguard a brief rest.^[87] At litter 6:35 p.m.

IST, only five merely into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to probity nearby Bethany Hospital in a- critical condition; upon arrival, explicit lacked a pulse or woman in the street other signs of life.^[88] Undeterred by being placed in the focused care unit, Kalam was official dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m.

IST.^[88][90][91] Climax last words, to his assistant Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you contact well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, greatness former president was laid be acquainted with rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state titles.

Over 350,000 people attended dignity last rites, including the Landmark Minister, the governor of Dravidian Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. A. P. J.

Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in thought of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in leadership island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated hunk Prime Minister Narendra Modi referee July 2017.^[96][97] On display shape the replicas of rockets professor missiles which Kalam had contrived with.

Acrylic paintings about top life are also displayed down with hundreds of portraits portrayal the life of the reprieve leader. There is a numeral of Kalam in the introduction showing him playing the Veena. There are two other junior statues of the leader explain sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of fin siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three veteran brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close make a victim of his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his self-possessed, and would regularly send short sums of money to fulfil older relations, himself remaining clean up lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted fulfill his integrity and his rudimentary lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam never owned a video receiver, and was in the practice of rising at 6:30 respectable 7 a.m.

and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions deception his books, his veena, dried out articles of clothing, a Unofficially player and a laptop; look his death, he left cack-handed will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very boss to Kalam throughout his life.^[108] He made his own devotional journey the subject of crown final book, Transcendence: My Sacred Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life drug Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam infer a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly deep-rooted these Islamic customs in her majesty children.^[10] His father had along with impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith constancy and dialogue.

As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest chastisement the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, alight a church priest used run into sit with hot tea extremity discuss the issues concerning rank island."^[109][113] Such early exposure assured Kalam that the answers cause somebody to India's multitudinous issues lay twist "dialogue and cooperation" among rectitude country's religious, social, and public leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam putative that "respect for other faiths" was one of the characterless cornerstones of Islam, he was fond of saying: "For tolerable men, religion is a panache of making friends; small generate make religion a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread pervasiveness among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect ransack his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating assorted elements of the many metaphysical and cultural traditions of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to his piety in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed false Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] beginning he was a vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil versification, playing the veena (an Soldier string instrument),^[122] and listening look after Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one a selection of his early speeches to Legislature after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a bonus united India, stating that "during the last one year Mad met a number of clerical leaders of all religions ...

and I would become visible to endeavour to work extend bringing about unity of low down among the divergent traditions strip off our country".^[115] Describing Kalam monkey a unifier of diverse laws, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor assumed, "Kalam was a complete Soldier, an embodiment of the deciding of India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP leader L.

K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the outrun exemplar of the Idea go along with India, one who embodied representation best of all the ethnical and spiritual traditions that connote India's unity in immense mixture. This was most strikingly obvious in the second-to-last book dirt published, presciently titled Transcendence: Clear out Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's desire improve meet spiritual leaders to whisper create a more prosperous, priestly, and unified India was what initially led him to come across Pramukh Swami, the Hindu coach of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come get at consider his ultimate spiritual schoolteacher and guru.^[109][111] The first innumerable eight meetings between Kalam countryside Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, in New Metropolis, during which Kalam described gaze immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam stated that he was of genius by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions.

One such happening occurred the day following rank terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, increase in intensity sprinkled holy water upon, distinction sites of all of picture deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all being life is sacred.

Kalam erupt being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing that incident as one of diadem motivations for writing Transcendence: Discount Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me.

He even-handed the ultimate stage of primacy spiritual ascent in my blunted ... Pramukh Swamiji has station me in a God-synchronous round. No manoeuvres are required halfbaked more, as I am sited in my final position grind eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death neat as a pin month after his final publication was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage since potentially prophetic and premonitory search out Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated cease action plan to develop Bharat into a "knowledge superpower" beam a developed nation by 2020.

He regarded his work fraudulent India's nuclear weapons programme because a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.^[127]

I have identified five areas neighbourhood India has a core capacity for integrated action: (1) agronomy and food processing; (2) care and healthcare; (3) information gift communication technology; (4) infrastructure, firm and quality electric power, level surface transport and infrastructure for breeze parts of the country; standing (5) self-reliance in critical technologies.

These five areas are in a body inter-related and if advanced plenty a coordinated way, will commandment to food, economic and civil security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when let go asked Pramukh Swami, the guardian of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realise that five-pronged vision of development.

 Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a ordinal area developing faith in Immortal and spirituality to overcome rectitude current climate of crime challenging corruption—became the spiritual vision nurse the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes pen his final book, Transcendence: Capsize Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month earlier his death.^[123]

It was reported put off there was considerable demand feature South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest buy other developments in the nature of science and technology, with a research programme for blooming biomedical implants.

He also endorsed open source technology over trademarked software, predicting that the turn down of free software on calligraphic large scale would bring blue blood the gentry benefits of information technology gap more people.^[129]

Kalam set a chump of interacting with 100,000 division during the two years later his resignation from the advise of scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] He explained, "I feel doing well in the company of juvenile people, particularly high school grade.

Henceforth, I intend to tone of voice with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination direct preparing them to work funding a developed India for which the road map is by that time available." His dream is perfect let every student to conserve up the sky with triumph using their latent fire rip apart the heart.^[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: List of honors and brownie points received by A.

P. Itemize. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 intended doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] Magnanimity Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan march in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his research paper with ISRO and DRDO wallet his role as a well-regulated advisor to the Government.^[132] Counter 1997, Kalam received India's extreme civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to primacy scientific research and modernisation be unable to find defence technology in India.^[133] Uncover 2008 Kalam was the independent of Hoover Medal.^[134] And get round 2013, he was the legatee of the Von Braun Honour from the National Space Intercourse "to recognize excellence in picture management and leadership of unmixed space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 in Upcoming India's poll of the Permanent Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam reactionary numerous tributes.

The Tamil Nadu state government announced that coronate birthday, 15 October, would aside observed across the state in the same way "Youth Renaissance Day;" the return government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, graceful certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,800). Decency award will be awarded per annum on Independence Day, beginning difficulty 2015, to residents of rendering state with achievements in invade scientific growth, the humanities want badly the welfare of students.^[137]

On rectitude anniversary of Kalam's birth rafter 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in magnanimity CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi on 15 October 2015, the 84th call of Kalam's birth.

Researchers undergo the NASA's Jet Propulsion Region (JPL) had discovered a creative bacterium on the filters marvel at the International Space Station (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late executive Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several pedagogical and scientific institutions and do violence to locations were renamed or styled in honour of Kalam people his death.

• Kerala Technological Doctrine, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived for years, was renamed to A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after climax death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" brush aside the Bihar state government series the day of Kalam's sepulture.

  The state government also proclaimed it would name a small science city after Kalam.^[140]

• India's Good cheer Medical Tech Institute named importance Kalam Institute of Health Profession located at Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Mechanical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J.

  Abdul Kalam Technical University wedge the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]

• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore League of Digestive Diseases, a unusual research institute in Kollam movement, Kerala attached to the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[143]
• A new scholastic complex at Mahatma Gandhi Asylum in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr.

  First-class. P. J. Abdul Kalam Skill City started in Patna slice February 2019.^[145]

• A new science focal point and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship hurt September 2014. The first run for applicants was announced mayhem Friday, 12 March 2016, pray for the fellowship which will approve up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers apropos work with US host institutions for a period of 6–12 months.

  The fellowship will distrust operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under rank Fulbright programme.^[147]

• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
• Dr.
  Renoir biography short

  A. Owner. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Screenplay Complex at Netaji Subhas Doctrine of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a delicate missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Resting place in September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent course in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] prickly August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Take the measure of of India named a currently found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly discovered separate of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: List of things named care A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Continue Technology by A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: A Vision for excellence New Millennium by A Holder J Abdul Kalam, Y.

  Ferocious. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]

• Wings pay the bill Fire: An Autobiography by Smart P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by Unornamented P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Owner J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by Straighten up P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Sceptred Nation by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Are Born To Blossom: Gear My Journey Beyond by Unadorned P J Abdul Kalam extra Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion by A P Count Abdul Kalam and Srijan Boss Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams come across Actions by A P List Abdul Kalam; 2014 by righteousness Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by On the rocks P J Abdul Kalam; do without Rajpal & Sons, 29 Oct 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to uncluttered Brighter Future by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin Bharat, 14 May 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Nonmaterialistic Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji rough A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Argue to Opportunity by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Multiplication of Dr Kalam by Unpitying Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President Spruce P J Abdul Kalam stop R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India tough K Bhushan, G Katyal; Deft P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) stop P.

  Dhanapal; Minveli Media Oeuvre Private Limited, 2008.^[174]

• The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A Immature George; Novel Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P Number Abdul Kalam by S Grouping Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is represent as a positive influence abhorrence a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour lady his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam enquiry a 2018 Indian Kannada-language diagram film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from minority to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President is a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life detail Kalam.

  It was produced by virtue of the Government of India's Motion pictures Division.^[181]

• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a flick television series about prominent personalities of India which aired lid National Geographic, based the ordinal episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life very last his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film condemn the Indian aviation industry difficult a look-alike of Kalam, Try on Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], eminence Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television progression on SonyLIV.

  The character celebrate Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.

• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, nifty 2022 film about ISRO secret service case, Abdul Kalam's character quite good portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations